Table 5.3. PAHs detected in soils in different geographical regions of the world.
Sr. No.
Types of Soil
Sites
Sampling time/study
year
Extraction methods
No. PAHs
Range of PAHs
References
1
Air-port soil
Indira Gandhi International
Airport, Delhi, India
November 2005–May
2006
Ultra-sonication method
12
2394–7529
(ng g–1 )
Ray et al. 2008
2
Traffic soil
Delhi, India
Winter season, 2006
Ultra-sonication
Method
16
1062–9652
(µg kg–1 )
Agarwal 2009
3
Forest-fire region soil
South Korea
2001
Accelerated Solvent
Extraction (ASE)
16
153–1,570
(ng g–1 )
Kim et al. 2011
4
Soil from brick
manufacturing site
(San Nicolás)
Mexico (North America)
-
Soxhlet extraction
13
7–1384 (ng g–1 )
Barrán-Berdón et al.
2012
5
Urban soil
Kurukshetra,
India
June 2012
Ultra-sonication
16
19.1–2538.0
(µg kg–1 )
Kumar et al. 2013
6
Roadside soil
Punjab, Jalandhar,
India
2011–2012
Summer
Winter
Autumn
Soxhlet extraction
16
18.17(µg g–1 )
4.04 (µg g–1 )
16.38(µg g–1 )
Kumar et al. 2014
7
Industrial soil
Ulsan city
South Korea
July 2010
Soxhlet extraction
16
65-12,000 (ng g–1 )
Kwon and Choi 2014
8
Urban soil
Kogarah Bay, Sydney
Australia
July 2012 to January
2013
Solvent extraction method
15
0.4–7.49
(mg kg–1 )
Nguyen et al. 2014
9
Sub-surface soil
Yellow River delta, China
May 2006–2008
Soxhlet extraction
16
27–753 (ng g–1 )
Yuan et al. 2014
10
Agricultural soil of coal
production area
Xinzhou, China
June 2010
ASE
16
N.D.–782
(ng g–1 )
Zhao et al. 2014
11
Urban soil
Guwahati city, Brahmaputra
valley, India
May 2011
(monsoon)
November 2011
(Post-monsoon)
February 2011
(Pre-monsoon)
Ultrasonic agitation
799.7–19 492
(ng g–1 )
1271.4–51299.7
(ng g–1 )
1639.7–29492.3
(ng g–1 )
Hussain and Hoque
2015
Table 5.3 contd. ...
PAHs in Terrestrial Environment and their Phytoremediation 71